TIPS : IDENTIFYING AND CLASSIFIED REFERENCE

Tips for making  literature review. 

First of all we need to list all reference by identifying the relevant relate to the our issued  and classified  them into the table. 

Table below is and example of my reference list tables and facilitate me a lot  when writing the literature review 

RESEARCH POPULATION (Krejcie and Morgan)

In this section researcher will show table of Krejcie and Morgan sample site to referred for any topic that relate to that particular research population. It was shown below.

http://www.kenpro.org/sample-size-determination-using-krejcie-and-morgan-table/  

 It was state that,this table was use to simplify the process of determining the sample size for a finite population, Krejcie & Morgan (1970), came up with a table using sample size formula for finite population.

  There is no need of using sample size determination formula for ‘known’ population since the table has all the provisions one requires to arrive at the required sample size.  For a population which is equal to or greater than 1,000,000, the required sample size is 384. 

TASK : COMPARING RESEARCH DESIGN

2017814056. M.Hassanuddin Bin Yusof

There is an example of article according to research design classified by Research Objective, Research Question and Hypothesis 

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE VERSUS CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Causal-comparative studies typically compare two or more groups of subjects, while correlational studies require a score on each variable for each subject. Correlational studies investigate two (or more) quantitative variables, whereas causal-comparative studies typically involve at least one categorical variable (group membership). Correlational studies often analyze data using scatterplots and/or correlation coefficients, while causal-comparative studies often compare averages or use crossbreak tables.

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Title: The leader as motivator: coach and self-esteem builder Author: Patricia Ann Castelli

Research Objective

1.to determine what motivating strategies followers (comprised of low and high need achievers) viewed as most necessary from their leaders

Research Question 

1. To what extent does achievement motive relate to demographics (gender, age,

degree status), interest (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction (ARCS))
and effort (ARCS) variables?

2. What is the profile of a low self-attributed need for achievement follower?
Profile components include gender, age, degree status, interest (ARCS), and
effort (ARCS).

3.What is the profile of a high self-attributed need for achievement follower?
Profile components include gender, age, degree status, interest (ARCS), and
effort (ARCS)

Hypothesis 

leader’s ability to inspire followers by using a variety of interesting coaching techniques and by building their self-esteem regardless of achievement orientation.

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH 

Title : School scheduling models and the achievement of at- risk students.  
Authors :Dusti E. Adrian 2009

Research Objective 

• to determine the degree to which 4x4 block scheduling influences core subject grade point averages and graduation rates of students identified as at-risk of school failure.

• to discover through statistical analysis whether scheduling type influenced core subject grade point averages and graduation rates, controlling for gender and ethnicity

Research Question 

1.How do at-risk students on a 4x4 block schedule differ from at-risk students on a traditional school schedule in terms of core subject grade point average at a high school in northern Illinois? 

2.How do at-risk students on a 4x4 block schedule differ from at-risk students on a traditional school schedule in terms of graduation rates at a high school in northern Illinois? 

Hypothesis

at-risk students on a block schedule experienced significantly higher cumulative core subject GPAs compared to at-risk students on a traditional school schedule.


EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Title :Effectiveness of  a Learner-Directed Model for e-Learning 

Author :Stella Lee, Trevor Barker and Vivekanandan Suresh Kumar


Research Objective 

To investigates one of the extremes of this spectrum, where learners actively assume  control and take responsibility for their own learning, while catering to individual preferences with little or no guidance from the e-learning environment

 Research Questions 

• Which learning style theory and education theory would be useful to develop an e-learning system?
• How could an e-learning system be developed based on the learning style and education theories?
• What is the effectiveness of an e-learning system based on a model of learning style and education theories?

                  1) What would the effect of such a system be on the performance of learners?

                  2) What would be the attitudes and learner experience (LX) of learners who  
                       would be using such a system?

 Hypotheses 

• Online computer systems that are designed based on learning style theories and educational theories are beneficial to learners

• Online computer systems that employed unobtrusive learner support for metacognitive activities such as study skills are beneficial to learners

• Online computer systems developed in the above ways could improve learning for students in terms of learner control, attitudes, and learner experience (LX)

WORK SCHEDULE

    You must set yourself deadlines to reflect the fact that you need to complete the research within a certain time-frame. List the various operational steps you need to undertake and indicate against each the date by which you aim to complete it, having carefully considered how long you will need. Remember to keep some time towards the end as a ‘cushion’ in case the research process does not go as smoothly as planned. Develop a chart as shown in table below

Example of work  schedule 

This is Gannt chart to make sure that my work move smoothly and finish on time. According to that, As researcher i  start setting a timeline for my research project.

                                                

Actions	Target Date    -   Completed	14 WEEKS
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1         INTRODUCTION 1.2         BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1.3         STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 1.4         RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 1.5         RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.6         OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS 1.7         SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 1.8         LIMITATIONS CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 3.3 POPULATION AND SAMPLING       3.3.1 TARGET POPULATION       3.3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 3.4 INSTRUMENT       3.4.1 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT(S)       3.4.2 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 3.5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES 3.6 DATA ANALYSIS CHAPTER 4 : RESULTS CHAPTER 5 : DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION REFERENCES SUBMIT REPORT	-          OCT 2017
	-           NOV 2017
	-          NOV/DEC 2017 -
	JULY 2018	14    WEEKS

                                   Gannt Chart : My Research Work Schedule

WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The Research Proposal in Quantitative and Qualitative Research

     All research endeavours, in both qualitative and quantitative research, in every academic and professional field are preceded by a research proposal. It informs your academic supervisor or potential research contract provider about your conceptualisation of the total research process that you propose to undertake so that they can examine its validity and appropriateness. In any academic field, your research proposal will go through a number of committees for approval. Unless it is approved by all of them, you will not be able to start your research. Hence, it is important for you to study closely what constitutes a research proposal.

    You need to write a research proposal whether your research study is quantitative or qualitative, and in both cases you use a similar structure. The main difference is in the proposed procedures and methodologies for undertaking the research endeavour. When providing details for different parts of the research proposal, for quantitative studies you will detail quantitative methods, procedures and models, and for qualitative studies your proposed process will be based upon methods and procedures that form the qualitative research methodology. If you happen to use a mixed methods approach, you need to describe them as either qualitative or quantitative procedures under their respective headings.

A research proposal serves many functions. Specifically:

• It serves to remind you of what you are supposed to do at different steps of the research journey. It is the road map designed by you, and approved by your university, to guide you through your research journey. 
• It is an overall plan designed to obtain answers to the research questions or problems that constitute your research project. 
• It outlines the various tasks you plan to undertake to fulfil your research objectives, test hypotheses (if any) or obtain answers to your research questions.
• It should also state your reasons for undertaking the study. 
• Broadly, a research proposal’s main function is to detail the operational plan for obtaining answers to your research questions. In doing so it ensures and reassure the reader of the validity of the methodology for obtaining answers to your research questions accurately and objectively.
•  It serves as a document for scientific scrutiny for others to judge the appropriateness of what you are proposing and provide their seal of approval. 
• It serves to convince your research supervisor or a reviewer that your proposed methodology is meritorious, valid, appropriate and workable in terms of obtaining answers to your research questions or objective

Table of content for my research proposal   

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1  INTRODUCTION

1.2  BACKGROUND OF STUDY

1.3  STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.4  RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

1.5  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.6  OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1.7  SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.8  LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.3 POPULATION AND SAMPLING

3.3.1 TARGET POPULATION

3.3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

3.4 INSTRUMENT

3.4.1 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT(S)

3.4.2 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

3.5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS

REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

WHAT IS A LITERATURE REVIEW?

•  It provides a theoretical background to your study. 
•  It helps you establish the links between what you are proposing to examine and what has already been studied. 
•  It enables you to show how your findings have contributed to the existing body of knowledge in your profession. It helps you to integrate your research findings into the existing body of knowledge.

ROLE OF LITERATURE REVIEW

In relation to your own study, the literature review can help in four ways. It can:

1.  bring clarity and focus to your research problem;

2.  improve your research methodology;

3.  broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and

4.  contextualise your findings, that is, integrate your findings with the existing body of knowledge.

ISSUE ON RESEARCH

This the my academic poster represent my issue